References are part of the exhibit.
Use this section to audit the facts. The same source links appear throughout the website next to the statements they support.
Sources include project pages, museum exhibit pages, official public records, library map records, and archaeology research references.
Market Street Chinatown Archaeology Project
Project overview, excavation years, location, arson fire, storage history, reports.
Open ReferenceBarbara VossMarket Street Chinatown Archaeology Project, Barbara L. Voss
Stanford partnership history and orphaned collection description.
Open ReferenceCHCP MarketChinese Historical and Cultural Project - Market Street Chinatown
Five Chinatown sequence, Market Street history, 1887 fire, CHCP partnership, embedded video.
Open ReferenceCHCP WoolenChinese Historical and Cultural Project - Woolen Mills Chinatown
Woolen Mills history, population table, employment context, Sanborn-map descriptions.
Open ReferenceCHCP HeinlenvilleChinese Historical and Cultural Project - Heinlenville Chinatown
Heinlenville dates, park commemoration, historical memory walk, Ng Shing Gung references.
Open ReferenceCHCP RibbonChinese Historical and Cultural Project - 10/10/23 Heinlenville Park Ribbon Cutting
CHCP news page with the Heinlenville Park ribbon-cutting video and event photographs.
Open ReferenceCHCP MuseumChinese Historical and Cultural Project - Museum
Ng Shing Gung history, museum role, original altar, History Park location.
Open ReferenceCHCP AboutChinese Historical and Cultural Project - About
CHCP founding, founders, reconstruction of Ng Shing Gung, community programs.
Open ReferenceHome BaseHome Base: A Chinatown called Heinlenville
CHCP page for Jessica Yu documentary with YouTube embed.
Open ReferenceExhibit AboutThere Was a Chinatown Here - About this Exhibit
Digital exhibit context, Market Street community description, source bibliography.
Open ReferenceRice BowlThere Was a Chinatown Here - Rice Bowl
Artifact description, provenience, material, symbolism, food residue discussion, video.
Open ReferenceSpoonThere Was a Chinatown Here - Winter Green Chinese Spoon
Artifact description, glaze, count of winter green artifacts, use and gift practices.
Open ReferenceStoneware JarThere Was a Chinatown Here - Stoneware Jar
Artifact description, shipping foods, Guangdong workshops, reuse and preservation.
Open ReferenceToothbrushThere Was a Chinatown Here - Toothbrush
Artifact description, bone and boar bristles, more than 80 toothbrushes, oral history videos.
Open ReferenceMedicineThere Was a Chinatown Here - Chinese Medicine Bottle
Artifact description, doctors and drugstores, cinnabar, hybrid medical practices.
Open ReferenceCinnabar VialUrine on the Shelves - Medicine Vial from Market Street Chinatown
Open-access Cambridge article with a CC BY 4.0 photograph of the Market Street Chinatown medicine vial containing cinnabar.
Open ReferenceMedicine VialsThere Was a Chinatown Here - Traditional Chinese Medicine Bottles from San Francisco Chinatown
CHCP exhibit image of early-1900s San Francisco Chinatown medicine bottles, boxes, and paper instructions used as a packaging comparison.
Open ReferenceDollThere Was a Chinatown Here - Porcelain Doll
Artifact description, twelve dolls, Frozen Charlotte context, cross-cultural childhood.
Open ReferencePeachThere Was a Chinatown Here - Ceramic Peach Ornament
Artifact description, longevity symbolism, uniqueness, possible use as hanging ornament.
Open ReferenceLOC SanbornSanborn Fire Insurance Map from San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, 1884
Library of Congress map record and public-domain use statement.
Open ReferenceLOC GuideLibrary of Congress Fire Insurance Maps Resource Guide
Explains what Sanborn maps document and why researchers use them.
Open ReferenceLOC 1886 MapMap of the city of San Jose
James A. Clayton cadastral city map showing roads, drainage, blocks, lots, tracts, and land ownership context.
Open ReferenceLOC 1891 V1Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, 1891; Vol. 1
Library of Congress Sanborn volume with 83 sheets for post-1887 block-level context.
Open ReferenceLOC 1891 V2Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, 1891; Vol. 2
Library of Congress Sanborn volume with 69 sheets for post-1887 block-level context.
Open ReferenceUSGS HTMCHistorical Topographic Maps - Preserving the Past
USGS historical topographic map collection for broader regional context.
Open ReferenceNARAChinese Exclusion Act (1882), National Archives
Federal law date and immigration restriction summary.
Open ReferenceLOC ExclusionChinese Exclusion Act: Primary Documents in American History
Library of Congress primary document guide and repeal/extension summary.
Open ReferenceCity ApologyCity of San Jose Media Advisory: City Council Resolution Ceremony
Official city notice for the 2021 apology resolution ceremony.
Open ReferenceStanford ArtsStanford exhibit of San Jose's lost Chinatown brings archaeology out of the laboratory
Context about City Beneath the City, artifacts, public interpretation, and 2002 project leadership.
Open ReferenceGlass LectureBeer, Bitters, and Batteries: First Impressions of Glass Containers from the Market Street Chinatown
Stanford Archaeology Center lecture abstract about glass containers and social/economic networks.
Open ReferenceFan & TsaiFan and Tsai: Intracommunity Variation in Plant-Based Food Consumption
Historical Archaeology article on plant-food consumption at the Market Street Chinatown.
Open ReferenceFeature 20Reconstructing Context and Assessing Research Potential: Feature 20 from the San Jose Market Street Chinatown
Stanford thesis with artifact-level analysis of ceramics, opium-related artifacts, buttons, clothing, and Feature 20 context.
Open ReferenceFeature CeramicsMarket Street Chinatown Feature 20 Ceramics and Glass
Student research report on Feature 20 ceramics and glass, including food-related ceramics and storage vessels.
Open ReferenceGaming PiecesAn Examination of Gaming Pieces in the Market Street Chinatown Archaeological Assemblage
Stanford student report on zhu discs, dice, dominos, chess pieces, Fan-Tan, Go, and gaming spatial context.
Open ReferencePipe TopsOpium Pipe Tops at the Market Street Chinese Community in San Jose
Stanford student paper focused on opium pipe tops and the social interpretation of opium paraphernalia.
Open ReferenceMedicine PracticesMedicine & Meaning: A Look at Medicine Practices in the Market Street Chinatown
Student research project on Market Street medicine bottles, vials, bottle colors, and medicine practices.
Open ReferenceGoogle ToothbrushMarket Street Chinatown Toothbrush, History San Jose
History San Jose artifact page with material, date, boar-hair bristle, and manufacturing details.
Open ReferenceStanford CoinChinese American at Stanford: Coin 13.237.078
Stanford Archaeology Collections record explaining reuse of Chinese coins as gambling pieces, decorations, and healing tools.
Open ReferenceDEA Opium PipeDEA Museum - Opium Pipe
Museum context for opium pipes, U.S. legal changes, the 1875 San Francisco ordinance, and the 1909 federal ban.
Open ReferenceCeramic PatternsArtifacts 7: Ceramics from Jacksonville's Chinese Quarter
Public archaeology article explaining Bamboo, Celadon, Four Flowers/Four Seasons, and related overseas Chinese ceramic patterns.
Open ReferenceMet CeladonThe Met - Bowl, Stoneware with Celadon Glaze
Public-domain 19th-century Qing dynasty celadon bowl used as a period comparison image.
Open ReferenceMet Floral BowlThe Met - Bowl with Flowers
Public-domain late 18th- to early 19th-century Qing dynasty floral porcelain bowl used as a comparison image.
Open ReferenceMet Glass BottleThe Met - Bottle, Glass, China
Public-domain 19th- to mid-19th-century Chinese glass bottle used as a period comparison image.
Open ReferenceFan-Tan PhotoWikimedia Commons - Fan Tan game c1890s.png
Public-domain 1890s Fan-Tan photograph used as contextual gaming imagery.
Open ReferenceChinese DieWikimedia Commons - Chinese Dice from Late Yuan Dynasty to Early Qing Dynasty
CC0 Chinese die photograph from Jiangyin Museum used as a form comparison for gaming dice.
Open ReferenceDaoguang CoinWikimedia Commons - Daoguang Tongbao 1 Cash Coin
CC BY 2.0 image of an 1821-1850 Qing dynasty Daoguang Tongbao cash coin.
Open ReferencePipe BurnerWikimedia Commons - Pipe, Opium, Auckland Museum
CC BY 4.0 Auckland Museum image of a ceramic opium pipe burner from a Chinese migration collection.
Open ReferenceMet ButtonThe Met - Button, Glass
Public-domain 19th-century glass button used as a period comparison image for dress and repair.
Open Reference